Media Definitions
Media is a way to communicate information from person to person
Media Language means the way in which a text is constructed to create meaning for a reader or viewer of the text.The theory states that media texts are encoded by the producer meaning that whoever produces the text fills the product with values and messages. The text is then decoded by the audience.
The media text is any media product we wish to examine. Every description or representation of the world, fictional or otherwise, is an attempt to describe or define reality, and is in some way a construct of reality, a text.
Different spectators will decode the text in different ways, not always in the way the producer intended. A text can be received in one of three ways;
Dominant or Preferred Reading
This is when the text is read in the way the producer intended the text to be read.
The audience agree with the messages and ideology that the producer has placed behind the text.
Negotiated Reading
This is a compromise between the dominant reading and the oppositional reading of the text.
The audience accepts the views of the producer but also has their own input and understanding of the text.
Oppositional Reading
The audience rejects the producers preferred reading and creates their own reading of the text, usually this is the opposite of what the producer intended.
The reader rejects the meaning completely as they do not agree with the message that is being presented to the audience.
Representation
Representation is how media texts deal with and present gender, age, ethnicity, national and regional identity, social issues and events to an audience.
Stereotypes,
These are a simplified representation of a person, groups of people or a place, through basic or obvious characteristics - which are often exaggerated.
Counter stereotypes
Are positive stereotypes. They Focus on positive elements of a group traditionally represented as bad.
Identity.
is a socially and historically constructed concept. ... Social and cultural identity is inextricably linked to issues of power, value systems, and ideology . The media uses representations—images, words, and characters or personae—to convey specific ideas and values related to culture and identity in society.
Mediation.
Every time we encounter a media text, we are not seeing reality, but someone’s version of it.
Ideology
These are ideas and beliefs, held by media producers, which are often represented in their media texts.
Social power
In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people. The term "authority" is often used for power perceived as legitimate by the social structure.
Emotive Language – the use of language to generate specific emotional reactions in the target audience
Headlines – The text highlighting the main story being given priority by the producers of the print media text. Often designed to be eye-catching.
Inverted pyramid structure - Newspaper stories start with the main events. Then they give more details and eyewitness comments in short paragraphs. The paragraphs at the end of the story are less important than those at the beginning. This allows sub-editors to shorten stories by cutting paragraphs from the end.
Layout – How the print media text has been designed and formatted.
Masthead - The top section of a newspaper which gives the paper’s title, price and date
Sans Serif font – Font type which does not have lines perpendicular to the ends of letters e.g. Comic Sans – often seen as more contemporary. Think of Apple’s advertising.
Serif font – Font type which does have lines perpendicular to the ends of letters e.g. Times New Roman – generally seen as more traditional or higher class.
Splash – The front page story
Sub-headings – Smaller, typically one line headlines for other stories.
Tabloid - Smaller newspapers aimed at a large audience. News is reported in less depth and emphasises human interest stories. The language level is lower, paragraphs and stories shorter, with more use of images. Content often includes more celebrities, media news and gossip. Examples: The Sun, The Mail, The Mirror, The Express
Text to image ratio – This involves considering how weighted the print media text is with regards to text and image – you need to ask yourself why the ratio exists.
Typography – The collective term when considering elements of print media relating to the style of the text such as the font, colour, serif, sans serif etc.
Media Language means the way in which a text is constructed to create meaning for a reader or viewer of the text.The theory states that media texts are encoded by the producer meaning that whoever produces the text fills the product with values and messages. The text is then decoded by the audience.
The media text is any media product we wish to examine. Every description or representation of the world, fictional or otherwise, is an attempt to describe or define reality, and is in some way a construct of reality, a text.
Different spectators will decode the text in different ways, not always in the way the producer intended. A text can be received in one of three ways;
Dominant or Preferred Reading
This is when the text is read in the way the producer intended the text to be read.
The audience agree with the messages and ideology that the producer has placed behind the text.
Negotiated Reading
This is a compromise between the dominant reading and the oppositional reading of the text.
The audience accepts the views of the producer but also has their own input and understanding of the text.
Oppositional Reading
The audience rejects the producers preferred reading and creates their own reading of the text, usually this is the opposite of what the producer intended.
The reader rejects the meaning completely as they do not agree with the message that is being presented to the audience.
Representation
Representation is how media texts deal with and present gender, age, ethnicity, national and regional identity, social issues and events to an audience.
Stereotypes,
These are a simplified representation of a person, groups of people or a place, through basic or obvious characteristics - which are often exaggerated.
Counter stereotypes
Are positive stereotypes. They Focus on positive elements of a group traditionally represented as bad.
Identity.
is a socially and historically constructed concept. ... Social and cultural identity is inextricably linked to issues of power, value systems, and ideology . The media uses representations—images, words, and characters or personae—to convey specific ideas and values related to culture and identity in society.
Mediation.
Every time we encounter a media text, we are not seeing reality, but someone’s version of it.
Ideology
These are ideas and beliefs, held by media producers, which are often represented in their media texts.
Social power
In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people. The term "authority" is often used for power perceived as legitimate by the social structure.
Emotive Language – the use of language to generate specific emotional reactions in the target audience
Headlines – The text highlighting the main story being given priority by the producers of the print media text. Often designed to be eye-catching.
Inverted pyramid structure - Newspaper stories start with the main events. Then they give more details and eyewitness comments in short paragraphs. The paragraphs at the end of the story are less important than those at the beginning. This allows sub-editors to shorten stories by cutting paragraphs from the end.
Layout – How the print media text has been designed and formatted.
Masthead - The top section of a newspaper which gives the paper’s title, price and date
Sans Serif font – Font type which does not have lines perpendicular to the ends of letters e.g. Comic Sans – often seen as more contemporary. Think of Apple’s advertising.
Serif font – Font type which does have lines perpendicular to the ends of letters e.g. Times New Roman – generally seen as more traditional or higher class.
Splash – The front page story
Sub-headings – Smaller, typically one line headlines for other stories.
Tabloid - Smaller newspapers aimed at a large audience. News is reported in less depth and emphasises human interest stories. The language level is lower, paragraphs and stories shorter, with more use of images. Content often includes more celebrities, media news and gossip. Examples: The Sun, The Mail, The Mirror, The Express
Text to image ratio – This involves considering how weighted the print media text is with regards to text and image – you need to ask yourself why the ratio exists.
Typography – The collective term when considering elements of print media relating to the style of the text such as the font, colour, serif, sans serif etc.
Anchorage - Fixing of meaning e.g. the copy text anchors (i.e. fixes to one spot) the
meaning of an image
Banners – Typically found at the top or bottom of a print media text.
Broadsheet - Large format newspapers that report news in depth, often with a serious tone and higher level language. News is dominated by national and international events, politics, business, with less emphasis on celebrities and gossip. Examples: The Independent, The Guardian, The Times, The Telegraph
Byline - A journalist's name at the beginning of a story. Captions – Text below an image that describes the image or informs the audience who
took the image. Copy - Main text of a story.
Coverlines – Captions on a magazine front cover
meaning of an image
Banners – Typically found at the top or bottom of a print media text.
Broadsheet - Large format newspapers that report news in depth, often with a serious tone and higher level language. News is dominated by national and international events, politics, business, with less emphasis on celebrities and gossip. Examples: The Independent, The Guardian, The Times, The Telegraph
Byline - A journalist's name at the beginning of a story. Captions – Text below an image that describes the image or informs the audience who
took the image. Copy - Main text of a story.
Coverlines – Captions on a magazine front cover
In the United Kingdom, the term "public service broadcasting" refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests.
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