Wednesday, 12 December 2018

Radio Essay

A)Radio 1 target audience is on the decline, discuss the reasons why audience numbers are dropping and the steps taken by the organisation to maintain (and or grow) its audience 600 words.  Discuss the role of technology in maintaining its audience

A)BBC Radio 1's audience is declining. The BBC’s Media Centre posted on the 26th October 2017, that they had an audience of 10.5m listeners aged 10+, in comparison to the 10.9m. The station has 9.7 million listeners aged 15+ (from 9.59m last quarter and 9.87m last year) while People aged between 15-24 listened to just over 14 hours of radio per week last year - seven hours less than the average adult, and 15% less than they did a decade earlier, according to Ofcom. Radio 1 is suffering because its core audience is turning away from live radio. last year, BBC News reported the number of hours 15 to 24-year-olds spent listening to radio had fallen from 29 million hours in 2010 to 16 million in 2016. This age group used to make up 45% of Radio 1’s listenership (3.7m); it’s now just 36% (2.9m). Breakfast Show has been losing audience numbers year-on-year since Nick Grimshaw took over but Grimshaw was brought in especially to develop larger audiences in its target range of 15-29.

BBC Radio 1 is addressing this in various different ways, one of which is by posting videos on their youtube account. Some videos which they post are Live Lounge videos. Youtube videos ensure that viewers can watch and listen whenever they want. BBC Radio 1 is clearly aware that the vast majority of their target age demographic (15-29) use Youtube. They also use British artists, so contemporary artists are maintained. Twitter is also used, in order to address the target audience. Quizzes ensure active listening.

Wednesday, 5 December 2018

Radio 1 Breakfast Show

In the United Kingdom, the term "public service broadcasting" refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests.
5 things about BBC Radio 1:

  1. Established in 1967
  2. The first song that was played was Flowers in the Rain
  3. In 2018, there is 2.43 million a week
  4. There is a 15 - 29 age demographic
  5. The first presenter was Tony Blackburn
Their remit is to "inform, educate and entertain"

The BBC, whose broadcasting in the UK is funded by a licence fee (BBC Radio 1 - 150.50) and does not sell advertising time, is most notable for being the first public service broadcaster in the UK

The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Greg James is broadcast weekdays from 06.30-10.00 am.
The Breakfast Show has been running since 1967, but Greg James took over as the 16th presenter in 2018.
BBC Radio 1 is broadcast on FM, DAB, Freeview, Freesat, Virgin, Sky, or online via BBC Radio Player (including via the phone or tablet app) where it can be heard live or streamed for 30 days.
It is produced by the BBC from its own studios at Broadcasting House in London.
There’s a useful BBC Academy podcast (with transcript) about how the programme is produced http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/articles/art20170619095219011
The music is largely playlisted – what is going to be played on daytime Radio 1 is decided by a committee; they choose around 40 records each week for repeated daytime play
(A-list records get 25 plays a week, B-list 15, and C-list
eight to 10).

Gender
Ethnicity
Age
Region, Natiionality
Socio-economic group

SUMMARY

The BBC Radio 1 breakfast show starts at 6:30 and lasts for 3 hours. They Educated, Informed, and Entertained. The target age demographic is roughly between 15 and 29. The general pattern was a short intro, then 3 songs, the weather, the news. To educate, they had a quiz that lasted for roughly 2-3 minutes. The quiz included mainly British questions. 
The quiz was done in order to Educate, the News and the weather was to inform, and the songs and the short discussions were to entertain.
Generally pop music was played, whilst other genre's were also played, so more viewers would listen.

Inform

-Starts at 6:30am, people can get news early

-Strictly Come Dancing information

-Saying timetable for the breakfast

-Announces song names

-PM uncertainty over Brexit

-Cricket

-May puts heart and soul into Brexit plan

-Agreeing a deal with the EU tough? Even tougher in HoP

-NZL 150 whales died from being stranded on a beach, half put down

-Money back today looking at rail companies if they don't deal with complaints

-Convicted rapists escapes prison, don't approach Wayne Jones

-Needles in more strawberries in AUS and NZL

-NASA successfully landed a new Mars rover - InSight rover

-ENG cricketers hoping for a white wash in Sri Lanka. 164-5

-Arsenal wants Premier league top 4

-Huddersfield moved off bottom of table

-Weather news, just rain

-Brief news, trying to keep people occupied and able attent

-Schedule is 30 min music, 10 min news, 10 min quiz and talk to people

-They play genres about pop rock and anything a stereotypical teenager would like

-News beat

-Repeats previous news as well as going into more detail

Entertain

-Hyper intro

-Background music

-Meme

-Strictly Come Dancing

-Comedian John Richardson

-Big tracklist

-Joking about a magpie which they named Danny Tetley

-"Someone accidentally glued a horse to the floor"

-Fun quiz

Educate

-Quiz

-Quizzes keep people interacting

-Gives viewers info on recent events

-Political education in Newsbeat

-Science and tech

-STEM

Artists

-Calvin Harris (BRITISH)

-Benny Blanco

-James Bay (BRITISH)

-Cardi B

-Ozuna

-Selena Gomez

-Offset

-Tyga

-The 1975 (BRITISH?)

-Florence + the Machine (BRITISH)

-Weiss (BRITISH)

-Bruno Mars

-Lennon Stella

-Liam Payne (BRITISH)

-Dani Filth

-Bring Me The Horizon (BRITISH)

-Rita Ora

-Willy William

-Nicki Minaj

-Swae Lee

-Post Malone

The Radio 1 Breakfast Show with Greg James is broadcast weekdays from 06.30-10.00 am.
The Breakfast Show has been running since 1967, but Greg James took over as the 16th presenter in 2018.
BBC Radio 1 is broadcast on FM, DAB, Freeview, Freesat, Virgin, Sky, or online via BBC Radio Player (including via the phone or tablet app) where it can be heard live or streamed for 30 days.
It is produced by the BBC from its own studios at Broadcasting House in London.
There’s a useful BBC Academy podcast (with transcript) about how the programme is produced http://www.bbc.co.uk/academy/articles/art20170619095219011
The music is largely playlisted – what is going to be played on daytime Radio 1 is decided by a committee; they choose around 40 records each week for repeated daytime play
(A-list records get 25 plays a week, B-list 15, and C-list eight to 10).


Male, 28, manual worker, listens to R1 BS on his way to work, (football fanatic and loves comedy)

Female 17, student, listens to R1 BS via podcast and on way to college in car (loves pop music, enjoys going to festivals).

BBC Radio 1 adresses both target audiences,  as football was adressed, and a popular comedian is on the show. On the other hand, they also play pop music, and had a ticket giveaway for a festival.


Working in groups identify from listening the the program

What British /UK artists are featured

How call ins promote audience engagement

The news/sports features presented 

 identify and describe the content which links with the BBC remit to


Inform 

Educate

entertain



more laddish
male orientated
more interactive with phone calls
Jon Richardson is a popular comedian, who is generally funny, but in this context, he is not as he is not used to the radio environment

Social Media Interactions on BBC Radio 1

https://twitter.com/BBCR1?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor
https://en-gb.facebook.com/bbcradio1/
https://www.instagram.com/bbcradio1/?hl=en

Competitions:
Jan Slam
Manning the phones
Call-in
Pub Stories

Radio 1
Is funded by the Television license fee. In 2016/17 Radio 1 had a budget of £34.7 million
The high level of funding available to R1 influences the quality of the programmes
Radio 1 are able to host special events (concerts, competitions etc.).
Radio 1 use this revenue to ensure that
Program content is high (guests, quizzes concerts ), quality production.
Can fund Social Media sites (twitter, Facebook, Youtube, etc)

Commercial radios

Capital Radio and Radio X have a distinctive content  linked to their Target audiences
Radio X funded by advertising revenue
Annual budget is unknown but is significantly less than Radio 1
Radio X and capital Radio struggle to match Radio 1 for quality of production and the availability audience interaction via social media. 

Maintaining audiences
• The Show’s audiences are declining – as are the audiences for BBC Radio 1 as a whole. As the BBC’s Media Centre posted on 

26 October 2017: ‘BBC Radio 1 posted a reach of 10.5m listeners aged 10+
(from ... 10.9m last year) and the Radio 1 Breakfast 
Show with Nick 

the station has 9.7 million listeners aged 15+ (from 9.59m last quarter and 9.87m last year) while
Reaching audiences
• People aged between 15-24 listened to just over 14 hours of radio per week last year - seven hours less than the average adult, and 15% less than they did a decade earlier, according to broadcasting regulator Ofcom. 
Radio 1 is suffering because its core audience is turning away from live radio. This is largely thanks to the arrival of streaming services.

• The Breakfast Show has been losing audience numbers year-on-year since Grimshaw took over (see above) but Grimshaw was brought in especially to develop larger audiences in its target range of 15-29 and shed the over 30s http://www.shoutcommunications. co.uk/blog/broadcast-pr-bbc-radio-1-strategy-to- target-specific-audience-is-working-slowly/. 

Radio 1 is suffering because its core audience is turning away from live radio
Last year, BBC News reported the number of hours 15 to 24-year-olds spent listening to radio had fallen from 29 million hours in 2010 to 16 million in 2016. This age group used to make up 45% of Radio 1’s listenership (3.7m); it’s now just 36% (2.9m).


Read more at https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-blogs/mythbusting-radio-1-losing-500000-listeners-half-story-1971412#p6R8fmeHhmCzdxrY.99
Quality over Quantity
Don’t just send across any broadcast PR story. Sending less stories of a high quality is more beneficial and likely to be noticed than sending all your broadcast PR stories. If you start hounding them with inappropriate content then they will probably disregard all stories you send, even ones that actually suit their audience.

Young angle
The focus on radio stats seems to be on regional breakdown, but when targeting Radio 1, make sure that there is an age breakdown too. The main headline should focus solely on the 15-29 year age category and what stands out for them compared to other age groups.
BBCs love a case study that brings the human element of the story to life, but make sure when targeting BBC Radio 1 that you have younger case studies available and don’t even think about offering them a case study older than 35!

5 British artists on BBC Radio 1:
Calvin Harris
Little Mix
Weiss
Liam Payne
Ghetts


Who is your client targeting?
First of all, find out who exactly the client you are representing is targeting? If it’s a certain age range away from younger people, then BBC Radio 1 may not be your focus and the stats may not represent their target audience. However, this does not mean that you should totally disregard BBC Radio 1 especially if your story is less age focused. If you check the raw data, there is usually a 18-34 category so you may be able to alter your headline and angle of the story to focus on this group, thereby tweaking your broadcast release to make it more attractive to Radio 1

Radio is changing. This is made apparent by the presence of the Live Lounge. This means that Radio can also be visual nowadays. Also the BBC Radio 1 Youtube Channel.

Radio x:












G - Male
E - White
A - 25-44
R - England
S - C2-E

The hosts match the target audience.
They often have a lot of beer ads.
Likely to be offensive to certain groups

Veteran Essay

Q)You will create an essay on issue 1332 of the Big issue: Still at War.  You will analyse the media language and media representations associated with the front cover.
As part of the essay you will need to discuss the social and political contexts which have lead to a rise in homelessness in overall and in particular within the veteran community
You will also discuss how newspapers (right wing and Big Issue) vary in the way the represent homelessness.  As part of your arguments you are required to use Gerbners theory

Q)The Big Issue uses different media representations, and Media Language in the front cover. It uses  green on helmet, which is a saturated colours. It is used as it links to the army. It contrasts to the muted black and white. This is used as it could imply that  the public believe that war is only has good or bad sides. It also makes him anonymous, as in war, he would only be seen as a soldier, and not have his own identity. The font is similar to a confidential file.This links to having PTSD in secret. He has Camouflage on his helmet, this shows that he is hiding. The phrase "Still at war" has implications that even after war they are still fighting inside, this could be due to homelessness. His eyes are  covered, which implies that he is unable to see  civillian life normally after being in a warzone. It could be viewed that hisHelmet protects himself from mental health issues. The Poppy represents remembrance, in Flanders Fields, Poppy's grown after the war, this is a popular symbol.

The Big Issue chose to highlight the issue because it was relevant in that temporal context, as the issue was published on remembrance day, and it helps the reader to become slightly more sympathetic. The issue might be important for the audience as it directs attention towards the topic. As we know, at least 13,000 hero soldiers left HOMELESS after leaving the military - and almost all have PTSD.. Armed forces do not help veterans to merge back to society and 30000 troops have lost their jobs since 2010.

In Right Wing newspapers, the homeless are depicted as being dishonest, untrustworthy, and drug-abusing. Right Wing Papers such as the Daily Mail, and the Telegraph often tell stories about homeless people doing horrible things, while using degrading vocabulary to describe them. They generally think that the homeless people should be avoided, as they are scum. They also believe that they are homeless because of their own actions and wrong doings, and therefore do not deserve any respect, pity or sympathy. This links to Shildrick and Mcdonald theory, which states that "the poor are undeserving of sympathy."

According to Gerbner's Cultivation Theory, the more society watches television, the more they believe that the programmes that they watch are true. They are more likely to believe social reality aligns with reality portrayed on television.  This could create stigmas around the homeless, and by extension, homeless veterans.



Wednesday, 21 November 2018

The Big Issue Part 2

Ex Servicemen would are at risk of them most dangerous and persistent type of homeless, which is MEH(Multiple Exclusion homeless.) The 2012 Armed Forces and Community Covenant says local authorities "should" rather than "must" put housing aside for veterans. Research shows that 66,000 veterans need physical or mental health support in the coming years. Veterans who come back from the battleground, without having obtained any medical conditions etc are not given priority, whilst veterans who have obtained medical conditions are given priority. Some social conditions that veterans face are PTSD, Alcohol, Drugs, unemployed, marriages are breaking down,having to wait for mental health support and benefits, they are also at the bottom of housing priority.
                                                           

STILL AT WAR ISSUE

  • Use of green on helmet- links to army
  • Black and white - people believeing that war is only good or bad, also makes him anonymous
  • The font is similar to a confidential file - links to having PTSD in secret
  • Camouflage on helmet - shows hiding
  • Still at war - even after war they are still fighting inside + homelessness
  • Eyes covered - unable to see the real world / civillian life 
  • Helmet protects himself from mental health issues
  • Fighting for future generations / own future
  • Writing over eyes - means not special
  • Futures not being looked after
  • Poppy represents remembrance, in Flanders Fields, Poppy's grown after the war
  • Red symbolises blood.

Social Context

The Big Issue chose to highlight the issue because it was relevant in that temporal context, as the issue was published on remembrance day, and it helps the reader to become slightly more sympathetic.
The issue might be important for the audience as it directs attention towards the topic

At least 13,000 hero soldiers left HOMELESS after leaving the military - and almost all have PTSD
Les, who was honoured for his heroics in the 1982 Battle of Goose Green, was homeless for six months after suffering post-traumatic stress disorder ."
“The Government is spending more than £1billion to prevent homelessness and rough sleeping.”
Armed forces do not help veterans to merge back to society
30000 troops have lost their jobs since 2010

Most media studies on poverty point in the direction of a recurring observation that usually the poor are presented in one of two contrasting frames: the ‘deserving poor’ and the ‘undeserving poor’.
While the frame of deserving poor employs a sympathetic treatment of the poor, the frame of the undeserving poor is built upon the rhetoric of deficiency in individuals who are portrayed as a burden on the taxpayer due to their dependency on welfare policies 
(see also, scroungerphobia, Golding & Middleton, 1982)

Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. Heavy viewers are exposed to more violence and therefore are effected by the Mean World Syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place then it actually is. According to the theory heavy viewing of television is creating a homogeneous and fearful populace, however so many studies have been done in this area that really no one knows how or even if violence on TV or in film negatively or positively affects its audience.

Now cultivation theory has taken on a more general definition in regards to mass media. It now extends to encompass the idea that television colours our perception of the world. For example; if someone stays inside and watch news about crime all day, they might be inclined to believe that the crime rate is far higher than it actually is and they might easily become the victim of a crime. Or in another sense heavy viewership of any media   can perpetuate stereotypes both positive and negative. It really comes down to the question of to what extent does reality shape TV and vice versa.


Essay Analysis in Bob We Trust

Q) You will analyse the media language and media representation of the xxx issue of the Big Issue “In Bob we trust” .   To what extent does the Magazine diverge from mainstream/rightwing depictions of the poor/homeless.  Why is the magazines remit an important factor in the way the magazine represents homelessness?  Discuss the social and political context of homelessness…Discuss the impact of homelessness in Britain today from your research.

Word count minimum 750

       


Q) The magazine issue of "Bob we trust" has a much different representation of the homeless , in comparison to the mainstream right wing depiction.

In Right Wing newspapers, the homeless are depicted as being dishonest, untrustworthy, and drug-abusing. Right Wing Papers such as the Daily Mail, and the Telegraph often tell stories about homeless people doing horrible things, while using degrading vocabulary to describe them. They generally think that the homeless people should be avoided, as they are scum. They also believe that they are homeless because of their own actions and wrong doings, and therefore do not deserve any respect, pity or sympathy. This links to Shildrick and Mcdonald theory, which states that "the poor are undeserving of sympathy.

On the other hand, The Big Issue Magazine depicts the homeless in a positive light. This is made apparent by the use of Bob the Cat, which represents hope, as this links to the story of James, who came out of poverty, through the help of this cat. This is use of Barthes Semantic Code. This is also made apparent by the organisation of the magazine cover.

On the front cover of the Big Issue magazine, the words "IN BOB WE TRUST" are emblazoned on the front of the magazine. this links to the American Dollar Bill, which has "In God we trust" written on it. A yellow font is used to symbolise hope, joy and happiness. As we know Yellow is a saturated colours, and therefore contrasts with the muted colours in the background, which symbolises having to sleep outside as a homeless person. This shows how Bob is hope for homeless people. A Midshot is used in order to make Bob look more divine, this links to the religious connotations, of "In God we trust." Bob is the focus of the cover,  as he is the only figure on the page, this is also made more apparent by the fact that the word "Bob" is written in bold on the front. The background uses muted colours in the background, in comparison to the saturated colours at the front, this is also done to make Bob the focus. The background is not in focus, which also makes this point more apparent. The actual scene takes place on a cold, winter night, to show the struggle that homeless people have at night .Bob is a Totem, as he is associated with God therefore inferring a supernatural power, which gives the homeless people faith.

The fact that The Big Issue's main purpose is to give homeless people employment opportunities, shows correlations with the magazines standing and overall depiction of homelessness. This way, by selling the Big Issue, homeless people can not only have employment opportunities, they can also indirectly support the idea that homeless people should be given more opportunities.Whilst, also supporting the cause of fighting against right-wing media's depiction of homeless people, and add others to their cause, with successful sales of The Big Issue. The Big Issue attempts to not give a "hand-out" but give a "hand-up", this means that the homeless would have to work for a chance to reenter normal society, and they would not be given anything for free.

As we know, homelessness is currently a big problem in the UK, which is made apparent by how homeless people are depicted in right wing media. This is why The Big Issue attempts to tackle the problem of homelessness, and also how the homeless are viewed by the majority, due to the depiction of them in the right wing media. Personally, I believe that this is stereotypical, as it is unfair to generalise an entire social group under a few character traits, such as "untrustworthy" or "deceptive." Over time, this makes the reader eventually believe that all homeless people have these qualities, and therefore do not deserve sympathy.

The public's general beliefs regarding homelessness is also affected by the current political situation in the UK. One problem was Brexit, which many Brits, believed would rid the UK of Eastern Europeans, and by extension Homeless Eastern Europeans, which the Right Wing Media implies that there is a vast amount of. This also ties in with the current immigration issue, as many Brits believe that many foreigners are immigrating to the UK, only to immediately become homeless, and not attempt to claim jobs,as they find that they can make more money begging on UK streets than in the streets of their former countries.

Wednesday, 14 November 2018

Print Media: The Big Issue



Colour - Yellow background, whilst the text and the model are using a muted colour.
Type of Shot - Mid Shot
Angle - Looking up at model, which makes her look taller and more impressive
Focus -
Depth of Field -
Mise en Scen -
Body Language - Her arms are by her side, whilst her legs are slightly spread open, whilst she is holding her breath, so her physique looks more impressive
Props - She is wearing a yellow bikini, which corresponds to the yellow background.
Location -
Lighting - Colours are muted, in order for her body to look more toned.
Realism - Her body has unrealistic proportions, so Photoshop is possibly being used
Narrative - Promoting a protein supplement, aimed at women

The Big Issue


From an award-winning magazine offering employment opportunities to people in poverty, to a multi-million pound social investment business supporting enterprise to drive social change. For over 25 years The Big Issue Group has strived to dismantle poverty through creating opportunity, in the process becoming one of the most recognised and trusted brands in the UK.

ince 1991, the magazine has helped over 92,000 vendors earn £115 million. There are currently around 1500 vendors, and last year alone we helped them to earn a total of £5.5 million. Currently the magazine is read by over 400,000 people across the UK and circulates 83,073 copies every week.
Sold for £2.50, and bought for £1.50.

Right Wing Papers;
Daily Mail
The Telegraph

Left Wing Papers:
Daily Mirror
The Guardian

The Telegraph is representing the Romanians in a negative light. "Their removal last Sunday evening was heralded as a great success. The Park Lane Roma had been blamed for a surge in petty crime and begging in London’s West End and creating havoc”.

Daily Mail Westfield article

  • Grooming Gangs
  • Fights 
  • 4 regular people have died
  • Substance Abuse
  • Prostitution
  • Mental Health Issues
  • Colour - background is using muted colours, there are a lot of dark colours
  • Type of shot - long shot, full body shot
  • Angle - 
  • Focus - The background is not in focus, as Bob is the main focus
  • Depth of Field - 

Friday, 9 November 2018

Media Industries (Jungle Book)


After a threat from the tiger Shere Khan forces him to flee the jungle, a man-cub named Mowgli embarks on a journey of self discovery with the help of panther Bagheera and free-spirited bear Baloo.

Production Budget: $175 million

Domestic: $364,001,123   37.7%
+ Foreign: $602,549,477   62.3%
= Worldwide: $966,550,600  

MPAA Rating: PG

Opening Weekend: $103,261,464
(#1 rank, 4,028 theaters, $25,636 average)
% of Total Gross: 28.4%

Production Company: Walt Disney 

was produced by Walt Disney Pictures, directed and co-produced by Jon Favreau (), and written by Justin Marks.
It was partly based on Disney’s original version but also drew more on Kipling’s original books, giving a rather darker tone
The Jungle Book exists in a strange limbo-world between live action and animation.
All the animals and landscapes, etc., were computer generated, (mostly) by the British digital effects house MPC.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSQcBZcvqpg 
scenes for The Jungle Book were first filmed using motion capture. ‘We motion-captured the entire movie before we filmed anything and we cut the whole film together,’ says
Favreau. 
Using that footage, the effects team then built the film’s sets virtually, a process known as previsualisation (previz). ‘Everything was mapped against the virtual sets. We designed
the sets like you would for a video game.’ (http://www.wired.co.uk/article/jungle-book-jon-favreau-disney-film)
The CGI was mostly created by MPC. 
Their website includes an excellent exposition of how the effects were created http://
www.moving-picture.com/film/filmography/the-jungle-book/
The VFX won both the BAFTA and Academy Award. The new film opens and closes using analogue techniques, however, referencing the original film: https://youtu.be/aZOUWQ6iox


Production:  The making of the film; pre-production and funding; shoot (format); post-production (SFX). 

Distribution: The way the film gets to screens; distribution company.

Marketing: The process of raising awareness; targeting an audience; creating publicity through various methods. 
A distributor is responsible for marketing a film

Exhibition: The way we view; getting the film to a paying audience. 



Blue Screen technology - Used primarily in the making of movies, this technology allows actors to perform in front of a blue background screen, upon which background images are superimposed later by computer.
Motion Capture - The process or technique of recording patterns of movement digitally, especially the recording of an actor's movements for the purpose of animating a digital character in a film or video game.
Previsualisation - Previsualization is the visualizing of complex scenes in a movie before filming.









Essay : You will create an essay which discusses the impact of technology on the way large organisations such as Disney create block buster films as a means of creating an enhanced viewing experience for consumption within the cinema.

A)Technology can impact whether or not there is an enhanced viewing experience. Everything in the film, other than Mowgli were created on computers, mostly by the British digital effects house MPC. Multiple technologies were used to give the animals a realistic look, and not in a cute and cuddly cartoon-style as with the original animated Jungle Book film.

One aspect of technology that was used was Previsualisation, which is the visualizing of complex scenes in a movie before filming. Previsualization was used to make all of the animal characters look more realistic and more immersive, in contrast to the 1967 version, where previsualization was not used. MPC ensured that the animals didn't have any human features in their character design.

Another aspect of technology that was used was Motion Capture , which is the process or technique of recording patterns of movement digitally, especially the recording of an actor's movements for the purpose of animating a digital character in a film or video game.

And Lastly, Green Screen is used
n



Friday, 2 November 2018

Advertising and Media (Jungle Book)

The media text is any media product we wish to examine. Every description or representation of the world, fictional or otherwise, is an attempt to describe or define reality, and is in some way a construct of reality, a text.

Media Language means the way in which a text is constructed to create meaning for a reader or viewer of the text.
Aspects of theoretical framework:

  • Language
  • Industry
  • Audience
  • Representation

Aim:  To study media texts in relation to media language, media representations and social and cultural context

Know:  Recognise how the media language of the jungle book (1967 & 2016) has changed over time
Know: Recognise how media representations of the jungle book (1967 & 2016) has changed over time
Do: study the social and cultural contexts that influence how media representations are created
Do: construct an essay on the Junglebook,s film trailer and advertising poster
Show: evidence of thee completion of the essay in blogger

Representation: refers to the construction in any medium (especially the mass media) of aspects of ‘reality’ such as people, places, objects, events, cultural identities and other abstract concepts. Such representations may be in speech or writing as well as still or moving pictures.
The 1967 is much more simple, as more primary and basic colours are used, whilst more realstic, dull, and less colourful colours are used.

John Favroe is the director of jungle book 2016
Jungle Book:
Based on Rudyard Kipling’s book THE JUNGLE BOOK (1894), the writer of the White Mans Burden Poem.
Kipling’s narrative contained “darker themes” and content which were judged to be unsuitable for a Disney film. 
Walt wanted a film that was “light, fun, and entertaining with happy song - good stuff, fun stuff.”
The story was modified by Larry Clemmons, who was given, a copy of Rudyard Kipling’s novel but told him that ‘The first thing I want you to do is not to read it’. To turn the book into a successful film many of the original characters and situations were cut out, creating a clear storyline.
At a superficial level the cartoon should not be offensive to anyone.

Actors who use Queen’s English are more likely to appear untrustworthy, experts have suggested, as it immediately suggests that they are from the upper classes.

King Louie has a very controversial origin, as he was based on a African American Jazz Singer, who goes by the name of Louie Armstrong. Louie, the Monkey-People’s, Orangutan ruler. Wants to learn how to make fire so that he can be like a man. This could easily be interpreted through a racial lens; the monkeys could be depictions of Africans wanting to learn how to be “civilized” equals of the white man.  I believe was intended, as it fits the context of when the movie was made, in 1967, when there was mass race segregation in America.

In the 2016 verison, King Louie was inspired by two things: Marlon Brando's role of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz in "Apocalypse Now" and an enormous extinct ape known as a Gigantopithecus that was indigenous to India, China, and Southeast Asia. They completely avoided the controversial, and racial issues, by completely changing the character and his accent.

ESSAY:
A) The Jungle Book has had two different adaptations. In both the 1967 adaptation and the 2016 adaptation, Shere Khan, the main antagonist, has a British voice. In the 1967 adaptation, he was voiced by George Sanders, a british man. Whilst, in the 2016 adaptation, he is voiced by Idris Elba, who is also a British man. A British character is used because experts have suggested, actors who use Queen’s English are more likely to appear untrustworthy, as it immediately suggests that they are from the upper classes. In the 2016 version, more muted colours are used to make the character more realistic, and fit a wider target audience. CGI is also used to make the character more realistic.

In the trailer of the 1967 version, the character of Rakshah does not appear at all, but was added in the 2016 version, as there was only one female character. This was done in order to attract more female viewers, as we know they attempted to make their target audience wider in the 2016 movie.

King Louie has a very controversial origin, as he was based on a African American Jazz Singer, who goes by the name of Louie Armstrong. Louie, the Monkey-People’s, Orangutan ruler. Wants to learn how to make fire so that he can be like a man. This could easily be interpreted through a racial lens; the monkeys could be depictions of Africans wanting to learn how to be “civilized” equals of the white man.  I believe was intended, as it fits the context of when the movie was made, in 1967, when there was mass race segregation in America. In the 2016 verison, King Louie was inspired by two things: Marlon Brando's role of Colonel Walter E. Kurtz in "Apocalypse Now" and an enormous extinct ape known as a Gigantopithecus that was indigenous to India, China, and Southeast Asia. They completely avoided the controversial, and racial issues, by completely changing the character and his accent.

Kaa was converted from being a man in the 1967 version, to be a woman in the 2016 version. This could have been done, in order to address the issue that the 1967 version have in its temporal validity, that there are not enough women in the version. This way, they would also be appealing to a larger target audience. A third, and final reason to do this was that the voice actor was changed to Scarlett Johansson, this was used in order for Kaa to have a more alluring voice, which adds to Kaa's seductive, deceptive character.

B)A variety of different marketing techniques were used in order to promote the 2016 movie.
One marketing technique used was teasing a small portion of the movie at the Disney fan convention in California, in front of a 7800 seat arena. This is a form of Tossing meat to the base.
In the 2016 version, a wider audience is targeted.

Another marketing technique is the video game, which is creating more awareness for the movie. The game was targeted at younger age demographic. This means that they are not forgetting their former target audience of kids. This is a way of targeting a wider target audience, as this would be necessary, due to the dark themes that are used.

A third marketing technique is Social Media. This was used to create awareness for the film, in a older target audience, as Social Media is mostly used by older people. This is a form of appealing to a wider target audience. Different Social Media's which were used were Twitter, and Snapchat.

Different technologies were used in order to do this. One of which was Blue Screen. Blue Screen was used in order to make the entire jungle look realistic and authentic. In the 1967 version, a Blue Screen wasn't used, and the jungle uses more saturated colours, in order to fit the more childlike tone. In contrast, in the 2016 version, more muted colours are used. Blue screen is also used to make all of the animal characters look more realistic and more immersive, in contrast to the 1967 version.

Previsualization is another technology which was used to simulate immersion. Previsualization was used to make all of the animal characters look more realistic and more immersive, in contrast to the 1967 version, where previsualization was not used. MPC ensured that the animals didn't have any human features in their character design.

And lastly, Motion Capture was also used. Motion Capture is the process of recording the movement of objects or people. It was used to in order to help make certain animals, such as King Loiue look more realistic, and less generic.

Marketing:

Publicity Stunt + Let viewers experience the story

Social Media

World Premier
Snapchat
Board Game
Collectables
Celebrity

Above the line (ATL) advertising is where mass media is used to promote brands and reach out to the target consumers.
Below the line (BTL)  advertising is more one to one, and involves the distribution of pamphlets, handbills, stickers, promotions, brochures placed at point of sale, on the roads through banners and placards.


Friday, 19 October 2018

Analysing Movies

                                       Analysing Movies

Franchise - Marvel Studios - Disney - Costs $300 Million - Due to the large investment franchises are used, to ensurw a good film is made, and a profit is turned

Todorov's Theory - Equlibrium (bad stuff happens, so the heroes come and make everything better)

Enigma - Who is the green child in the trailer? 


All media products are 'texts'. When you read, watch, play, listen to a media text, you make meaning of the sounds and imagery presented. This process of making meaning or understanding the media text is called DECODING.  

DECODING = understanding a media text.  

 CODES can be visual (you can see them) or aural (you can hear them). Codes have symbolic value. For example in our society wearing a pair of glasses (glasses are the code) symbolises, or connotates, that you are clever. TV drama, magazines and videogames use these symbolic codes to generate character types and character archetypes.
Nico
Dark clothing
Stereotype - Biker, tough look - made visible through look
Background - he's under a bridge, Shady
Class - Lower to Middle class
Serious
Looking down has power

Cherry
Red
Name links to her red theme
Lollypop
Immaturity
Statue of Liberty in the background - in the open - less shady
Loose demeanour - made apparent by her body language
Enigma- what is she looking at

Barthes Invented Semantic Code

Enigma code refers to mystery within a text, clues are often dropped, but nothing is definite.




Diegetic sound.

Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film:
voices of characters
sounds made by objects in the story
music represented as coming from instruments in the story space ( = source music)
Diegetic sound is any sound presented as originated from source within the film's world
Non Diegetic sound. Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action:
narrator's commentary
sound effects which is added for the dramatic effect
mood music
Non-diegetic sound is represented as coming from the a source outside story space.  

Star Wars the Force Awakens Trailer

Closeup shot - used to create the scene, and show small detail of the subject. Is used to keep anonymity and mystery.


Mid shot - shows subject in some detail, whilst giving slight context. Used to do two things at once


Extreme Close up - shows extra detail into his face, to show his emotions in detail


Wide shot - shows extra context, the whole scene can be understood just from this screenshot.


Sounds: the main theme tune and the narration are non-diegetic. Example's of diegetic sounds are spaceship noises, and guns.

The stage in the film-making process in which sound and images are organised to construct an overall narrative.

It is how a film maker puts together and considers cuts/cutting and applies transitions, special effects etc. to communicate a narrative to an audience.

Remember that an audience is a non-active participant who must understand a narrative through the editing, they can only see what you show them.

Imagine a film or even a scene from a film without any editing, it would be very interesting!

Shot reverse shot is when a shot goes from shot A, shot B, shot A, shot B etc.
It goes continuously back and forth between the 2 shots to show there is a connection between them
It is often used in conversations so you see what both characters are saying
It is a form of eye-line matching if the character is looking at someone and the next shot is what they look at
Imagine if a conversation was just 1 shot of character A and you didn’t see character B’s face at all?

Eye-Line Match is a following shot that follows what character is looking at, makes cuts smoother the audience expects the cut to happen and is eager to see what happens next/what character sees.

Editing - Special Effects

B&w –often used to show memory or time period

Contrast – to altar the lighting (or contrast = very light lights and dark darks sometimes with memories 

Colour  - to add a colour filter to show a specific mood 
Example ‘The ring’ – many scenes are very blue-ish, which show sterile/coldness etc.

Animation – titles of shows or cartoons

CGI – computer generated images (example = avatar, planet of apes, polar express)

Fast forward/slow motion – speeding up or slowing down footage 

Ghost trail – see multiple actions (overlapped) to show someone drunk or on drugs 

Blur – to show un-clarity, or fuzzy memory/flashback
A low angle shot is used. To give the animals and scenery more power, so they can be viewed in a more fantastic way. Shows the majesticness of the jungle, made apparent by the saturated colours. The positioning of the two deers on the bottom left, further justifies this point. The predator at the top of the scene, also shows the majesticness, this is made apparent by the fact that only a outline of it is visible. This also implies the danger that is always looming in the jungle.
They use a mid-shot. The dark colours show the creepy mood, and also shows the mystery of the jungle. The gorilla's face shows his curiosity and interest in the man-cub. CGI is used, this is a form of special effects. There is a contrast between the light and dark, which creates a sense of the gorilla looking foreboding.
 A wide-shot is used to show the full setting in this shot. The use of the huge waterfall in the background demonstrates the majesticness of the jungle. Mowgli (the main protagonist) is pictured as being tiny, in comparison
A close-shot is used, in order to show a direct danger, and therefore create an emotional connection with the audience. The fact that the lion's big teeth are the first thing that are visible, makes the danger even more apparent.
A mid shot is used, in order to be able to see the majority of the context, while the detail is still visible. The green colour shows                                                             





Friday, 5 October 2018

Print Media

Anchorage - Fixing of meaning e.g. the copy text anchors (i.e. fixes to one spot) the
meaning of an image
Banners – Typically found at the top or bottom of a print media text.
Broadsheet - Large format newspapers that report news in depth, often with a serious tone and higher level language. News is dominated by national and international events, politics, business, with less emphasis on celebrities and gossip. Examples: The Independent, The Guardian, The Times, The Telegraph
Byline - A journalist's name at the beginning of a story. Captions – Text below an image that describes the image or informs the audience who
took the image. Copy - Main text of a story.
Coverlines – Captions on a magazine front cover

Emotive Language – the use of language to generate specific emotional reactions in the target audience
Headlines – The text highlighting the main story being given priority by the producers of the print media text. Often designed to be eye-catching.
Inverted pyramid structure - Newspaper stories start with the main events. Then they give more details and eyewitness comments in short paragraphs. The paragraphs at the end of the story are less important than those at the beginning. This allows sub-editors to shorten stories by cutting paragraphs from the end.
Layout – How the print media text has been designed and formatted.
Masthead - The top section of a newspaper which gives the paper’s title, price and date
Sans Serif font – Font type which does not have lines perpendicular to the ends of letters e.g. Comic Sans – often seen as more contemporary. Think of Apple’s advertising.
Serif font – Font type which does have lines perpendicular to the ends of letters e.g. Times New Roman – generally seen as more traditional or higher class.
Splash – The front page story
Sub-headings – Smaller, typically one line headlines for other stories.
Tabloid - Smaller newspapers aimed at a large audience. News is reported in less depth and emphasises human interest stories. The language level is lower, paragraphs and stories shorter, with more use of images. Content often includes more celebrities, media news and gossip. Examples: The Sun, The Mail, The Mirror, The Express
Text to image ratio – This involves considering how weighted the print media text is with regards to text and image – you need to ask yourself why the ratio exists.
Typography – The collective term when considering elements of print media relating to the style of the text such as the font, colour, serif, sans serif etc.









She is staring at the reader, which is a way of communicating directly to the audience. Which motivates the viewer to buy the magazine.




 The actress is Gal Gadot, and she plays the role of women. The name of the magazine is hidden behind Wonder Woman, this is a masthead. There is a lot of Yellow, which is happy, and also eye catching. There are dark unsaturated colours, as it can represent war and battle. There is an impactful font in the title. She is looking straight at the camera, which shows eye contact, this is direct mode of address. It uses Skyline, which is a bold sand serif, this excites the viewer. Her character represents a powerful woman. The gold colours are shiny and attractive, and show royalty and power. This links to how she is the Princess of Themyscira. The positioning of her arms show how she is dominant, this also links to how there are only women on the island , which shows how she does the mens jobs, therefore she is independent, which contrasts to how women were meant to be below men, and cant live without them.There is also Mid-shot. The Colours show the oldness of when Wonder Woman was and the power she held in that time
Stereotypes - woman hero
Alliteration of Wonder Woman
Counter stereotyping women during her time (ww1)
Gauntlets on wrists - deflects bullets
Lasso of truth
Sword and shield
Weaponry - giving women power
Colours - serious tone - battle - era of ww1
Film about women being powerful
Perhaps loosing half audience - Wonder Woman wearing more clothing than before
More serious tone than before
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media language: how the media through their forms, codes, conventions and techniques communicate meanings
media representations: how the media portray events, issues, individuals and social groups

4 Elements of media framework


  • Media industries: how the media industries’ processes of production, distribution and circulation affect media forms and platforms 
  • Media audiences: how media forms target, reach and address audiences, how audiences interpret and respond to them and how members of audiences become producers themselves. 
  • ‘Media product’ refers to media texts, such as television programmes, newspapers, radio programmes etc., as well as to online, social and participatory media platforms 
  • ‘Intertextuality’ refers to the way aspects of a particular media product relate to another and thus accrue additional significance. 

The semantic code points to any element in a text that suggests a particular, often additional meaning by way of connotation which the story suggests. Connotation= cultural/underlining meaning, what it symbolises.

Verisimilitude, in a narrow sense, is the likeness or semblance of a narrative to reality, or to the truth. It comes from Latin: verum meaning truth and similis meaning similar

Low key lighting (predominantly dull)
High key lighting (predominantly bright) 

Colour saturation refers to the intensity of colour in an image.

On the Colour Spectrum, colours which are opposite to each other are known as Complimentary Colours. Analogous colours are groups of three colours that are next to each other on the colour spectrum, sharing a common colour, with one being the dominant colour, which tends to be a primary or secondary colour, and a tertiary. 

RED – anger, passion, rage, desire, excitement, energy, speed, strength, power, heat, love, aggression, danger, fire, blood, war, violence
PINK – love, innocence, healthy, happy, content, romantic, charming, playfulness, soft, delicate, feminine
YELLOW – wisdom, knowledge, relaxation, joy, happiness, optimism, idealism, imagination, hope, sunshine, summer, dishonesty, cowardice, betrayal, jealousy, covetousness, deceit, illness, hazard
ORANGE – humor, energy, balance, warmth, enthusiasm, vibrant, expansive, flamboyant
GREEN – healing, soothing, perseverance, tenacity, self-awareness, proud, unchanging nature, environment, healthy, good luck, renewal, youth, vigour, spring, generosity, fertility, jealousy, inexperience, envy, grandeur
BLUE – faith, spirituality, contentment, loyalty, fulfillment peace, tranquility, calm, stability, harmony, unity, trust, truth, confidence, conservatism, security, cleanliness, order, sky, water, cold, technology, depression
PURPLE/VIOLET – erotic, royalty, nobility, spirituality, ceremony, mysterious, transformation, wisdom, enlightenment, cruelty, arrogance, mourning, power, sensitive, intimacy
BROWN – materialistic, sensation, earth, home, outdoors, reliability, comfort, endurance, stability, simplicity
BLACK – No, power, sexuality, sophistication, formality, elegance, wealth, mystery, fear, anonymity, unhappiness, depth, style, evil, sadness, remorse, anger
WHITE – Yes, protection, love, reverence, purity, simplicity, cleanliness, peace, humility, precision, innocence, youth, birth, winter, snow, good, sterility, marriage (Western cultures), death (Eastern cultures), cold, clinical, sterile
SILVER – riches, glamorous, distinguished, earthy, natural, sleek, elegant, high-tech
GOLD – precious, riches, extravagance. warm, wealth, prosperity, grandeur

Analysis of first Jungle Book



Health Check Quiz Answers

                             Health Check Quiz Answers

Q: 1.   What is media.
A way to communicate information, between person to person, modern media must got out to a vast amount of people, which means mass production.
Q. 2. List at least 5 different types of media that exist from your timeline research task.
Newspaper, Video games, Radio, Films, Tv
Q.3.   what is web 2.0? what does web 2.0 offer to consumers compared to web1.0.
Web 1.0 had limited communication, and was one way (from the publisher to viewer.) Whilst, Web 2.0 has more advanced web pages, that are more than one way direction, and is centred around user generated content, with more advanced and specialised graphics/
Q.4  What are the four main elements used to analyse a music video/film/tv media tex
Mise en Scen
Editing
Camera
Audio
Q 5. In Prof. S. Hall’s theory on encoding and decoding there are three ways in which a media text can be decoded.   Describe them below
1. –Preferred - when the text is read, in the way it was intended
2. -Negotiated - where some of the message is accepted by the media, whilst, some is also rejected
3. –Oppositional - where the audience rejects the producers preffered reading completely 
Q. 5 Define representation
How media texts deal and present issues related to gender, race, ethnicity, age etc.
Q.6 Define stereotype
A common generalisation of a group, that may be inaccurate, but is common belief.
Q. 7 Define counter-stereotype. 
The exact opposite to a particular stereotype.
Q.8  Define working Class.
Individuals who engage in manual work, often having low levels of educational achievement.
Q.9 list five media stereotypes associated with the working class 
Poor, uncultured, vulgar, using benefits,tax wasting.
Q. 10 list four black racial stereotypes .
Violent, Loud, Gangmembers, Athletic
Q.11 identify the four stereotypes associated with Alvardo 
Exotic, Dangerous, Pitied, Different
Q.12 discuss Butsch theory on the representation of the working class (1992)
Working class are flawed
Q.14. Discuss Newman (2006) theory on the representation of the working class 
Negative opinion, and, flawed individuals.
Q.15 Shildrick and MacDonald (2007) suggested that the poor are undeserving of sympathy


Constructed Media



                                                       Constructed Media

Construct or Construction: The process by which a media text is shaped and given meaning through a process that is subject to a variety of decisions and is designed to keep the audience interested in the text. Media are not windows on reality or mirrors of society. They are carefully constructed products. Moreover a truly media literate person can produce media as well, thereby offering their own construction of reality. When we say that all media messages are constructed, we mean that all media messages have been assembled by someone. That “someone” could be a single person, or it could be a large organization. A newspaper writer’s articles may be based on his own beliefs, or based on the beliefs and ideologies of his publishers, or perhaps even the beliefs of the companies who advertise in that particular newspaper.






Video 1:



Trump has a negative opinion on Mexicans. He presented them in a way that states that Mexico is sending their criminals, and that there is only a small amount of honest Mexicans coming to America. 

Video 2:



Obama has an entirely different opinion to Trump. His opinion is much more democratic, as he tries not to antagonise the Mexicans with stereotypes, and wants to have a friendly relationship with them.

Serena Williams: 

Video 3:





Channel 4 entirely supports Williams' claim, as all of the commentor's from Channel 4 agree that the umpire was being Racist, and Sexist, and none seem to be challenging the claim.

Video 4:



The cartoonist attempts to defend his cartoon, by claiming that he has no knowledge of the Jim Crow cartoons, which many people seem to be drawing comparisons with. ( The Jim Crow cartoons were racist cartoons which were present in America during the Segregation period. They criticised and belittled African Americans.) He also defended the cartoon by stating that " the cartoon was just about Serena on the day, having a tantrum." Personally, i believe that this cartoon is highly disrespectful, and offensive. Also that the cartoonist did intend to have her depicted in this racist light. This is made apparent by the use of the exaggerated facial features. These features also appeared in Jim Crow cartoons in the past, which further supports this claim.


Lynx advert:
 

Lynx's target market is predominantly men, which explains the use of a semi-naked woman in order to motivate the target market into buying the product. The Ad also implies that women will do anything for the buyer, if they use this product. The fact that she is cooking implies that she would do anything the man wants, which further supports the previous point. And, this plays on the stereotype that women are meant to cook for men. The fact that the deodorant is named "Full Control" also supports this point. Women may find this advert offensive, as it plays on the stereotype that they are below men, which is made obvious by the use of the word "control", and that she is cooking.

Constructed Media (Print):




The GQ magazine projects Corbyn in a more positive way. It makes use of the bright lighting, in order to make him the biggest focus . He has a straight posture, which demonstrates his professionalism, it also shows him to be more overbearing, powerful, and important. The background is also left blank in order to make him look more important. Overall, it puts him in a more serious position. In contrast, The Sun projects him in a much worse light. He is depicted as being in the bin, it uses a pun "Cor-Bin." It uses Photoshop, in order to malignate him.

Constructed Media(Advertising)


Preffered view:
Cigarrettes are good foryou
Reach for a lucky instead of food
Shadow is much bigger (smoke instead of eating)

Negotiated view:
Cigarretes are bad for you
Putting on weight can be combatted in other ways
However may stop you from eating as much
Increased chance of cancer
Heart disease
Lung disease

Oppositional View:
No redeeming features
Will help you put on weight
Looks bad
Smells bad